A Guide for Teaching the Letters and Sounds

For each phoneme, students should learn the grapheme, how to make the sound, a keyword, and letter formation. This guide includes support for teaching these components and is sequenced in an order comparable to many scope and sequences found in reading programs.

Articulation instruction can be particularly beneficial for English Learners and students who speak a variety of English such as African American English, as their spoken language may have phonological differences from the language in which they’re learning to read. Students with speech and language disorders will also need extra support with and practice articulating the sounds.