6. Videos: Modeling and Teaching Articulation

Fadia Olrich: Good morning, everybody.

Narrator: Today, teacher Fadia Olrich will teach the short /ŭ/ sound to our kindergartners. She begins this phonics lesson with a listening game to help her students hear all the sounds and words.

Fadia Olrich: So we've been working on blending sounds together to make words, right?

Students: Yes.

Fadia Olrich: Yeah. So we've been using different strategies like the Stretching-Out Strategy, right? So let's practice real quick. So like the word bat ... repeat ...

Ms. Olrich and students: bat ... /b/, /ă/, /t/ ... "bat ....

Fadia Olrich: And we've also done the Tap-It-Out Strategy. Let's try that. Let's try the word bat again. Say Bat, bat ...

Ms. Olrich and students: bat ... /b/, /ă/, /t/ ... bat ....

Fadia Olrich: Well, guess what? We're going to learn a whole other strategy as well. This is the Rollercoaster Strategy. Isn't that cool?

Students: Yeah.

Fadia Olrich: So the rollercoaster strategy helps us figure out the sounds and words, especially the middle vowel sound. So watch this first word. This word is "met." Say met ...

Students: met ...

Fadia Olrich: So watch what I do. I'm going to start at the bottom of the rollercoaster ...

Ms. Olrich and students: /m/, /ĕ/, /t/ ... met ...

Fadia Olrich: Good. Let's do the word hat. You ready? Repeat after me, hat ...

Students: hat ...

Fadia Olrich: All right. Finger at the bottom of the rollercoaster ...

Ms. Olrich and students: /h/, /ă/, /t/, hat ...

Fadia Olrich: Good. All right. So the next thing we're going to do is we're going to practice our letters and letter sounds, okay? All right. What letter is this?

Students: 't' ...

Fadia Olrich: 't' says /t/ ...

Narrator: Now Ms. Ulrich runs through these letter flashcards to help her students build automaticity with naming letters and sounds.

Fadia Olrich: 'i' says /ĭ/ ... Good job, friends.

Ms. Olrich and students: 'm' says /m/ ...

Narrator: Next, Ms. Ulrich will provide direct, explicit instruction in the short 'u' vowel sound, including how to make the sound.

Fadia Olrich: This is letter 'u'. Can you say you 'u'?

Ms. Olrich and students: 'u' ...

Fadia Olrich: And 'u' says /ŭ/ for umbrella. Can you say umbrella?

Students: umbrella ...

Fadia Olrich: Do you hear the /ŭ/ sound, in umbrella?

Students: Yes ...

Fadia Olrich: Yes. So what we're going to do is I'm going to give you a mirror and we're going to practice making the /ŭ/ sound with our mirrors. Sound good?

Students: Yeah.

Fadia Olrich: Okay. Go ahead and open up your mirror. You can do one quick smile, cheese. Very good. Look at those beautiful smiles. Look at your mirror. And I want you to find your mouth. You see your mouth in your mirror? Look very carefully. You got it? All right. So say the /ŭ/ sound.

Students: /ŭ/ ...

Fadia Olrich: Now look at your mouth. Is it open or is it closed?

Students: Open ...

Fadia Olrich: Yep. Kaeylina?

Kaeylina: Open.

Fadia Olrich: It's open. All right. Try it again. Say, /ŭ/ ...

Students: /ŭ/ ...

Fadia Olrich: Good. Now your tongue is at the bottom of your mouth. It's relaxed and it's touching the bottom of your teeth, right? Now, touch your throat and say /ŭ/ ...

Students: /ŭ/ ...

Fadia Olrich: Did you feel a vibration when you made the ah sound?

Students: Yes ...

Fadia Olrich: Yes, so it's a voiced sound, right? All right. Ready? Look at your mirror. All right, say up ...

Students: up ..

Fadia Olrich: upstairs ...

Students: upstairs ...

Fadia Olrich: unfair ...

Students: unfair ...

Fadia Olrich: And now we're going to say words that have the /ŭ/ sound in the middle of the word. Okay? So look at your mirror. Say hum ...

Students: hum ...

Fadia Olrich: Now look at your mouth ... /h/ /ŭ/, /m/. You see the /ŭ/ sound that you're making, and you hear it? All right. Good. Now try your rollercoaster. Ready? Start at the bottom. Let's write through the word hum again. Ready?

Ms. Olrich and students: /h/, /ŭ/, /m/ ... hum ...

Fadia Olrich: Let's try bug. Ready?

Ms. Olrich and students: /b/, /ŭ/, /g/ ... bug ...

Fadia Olrich: Do you hear ...

Narrator: Ms. Ulrich ends today's lesson by having the children blend sounds together to read words with the short 'u' sound.

Fadia Olrich: So now we're going to read some words that have the /ŭ/ sound in them to practice because you guys are rock stars with the /ŭ/ sound, aren't you?

Students: Yeah.

Fadia Olrich: So again, you says, /ŭ/ ...

Students: /ŭ/ ...

Fadia Olrich: All right. So let's practice this word. Ready?

Ms. Olrich and students: /h/, /ŭ/, /t/ ... hut ...

Fadia Olrich: Let's try another word. So remember, this can be real or a nonsense word. So let's see. What letter is this?

Ms. Olrich and students: 'd' ...

Fadia Olrich: And 'd' says /d/ ... ready?

Ms. Olrich and students: /d/, /ŭ/, /t/ ... dut ...

Fadia Olrich: Is that a real or nonsense word?

Ms. Olrich and students: Nonsense word ...

Fadia Olrich: All right, let's try this word. What letter is this? 'g' ...

Students: 'g' ...

Fadia Olrich: And 'g' says /g/ ... Ready?

Ms. Olrich and students: /g/, /ŭ/, /t/ ... gut ...

Narrator: The structure of this short /ŭ/ phonics lesson, starting with sounds, moving to letters, and ending with reading words helps children develop the skills they need to become strong readers.

Ms. Olrich and students: /c/, /ŭ/, /t/ ... cut ...

Fadia Olrich: You are awesome. Yay. All right. Good job, friends. Yay!

Narrator: Enjoyed this video? Don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel @RUTeaching. For more information, please visit ReadingUniverse.org. Special thanks to the Toledo Federation of Teachers, Riverside Elementary School, and Toledo Public Schools in Toledo, Ohio. Reading Universe is made possible by generous support from Jim & Donna Barksdale, the American Federation of Teachers, The Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation, and three anonymous donors. Reading Universe is a service of WETA, Washington, D.C., The Barksdale Reading Institute, and First Book.

Morgan Walton: When we teach our students how to make sounds, it's really helpful to offer cues that help them to see, hear, and feel how the sound is produced. We can also use these cues to correct any sounds that are mispronounced. I'm going to model how to teach the sound of the letter 'b' using these cues. 'B' spells the sound /b/. We call /b/ a lip popping sound because when we say it, we keep our mouth closed and our lips together until they pop open with a burst of air as the sound is made. Let's all say that lip popping sound, /b/. When we say /b/, the voice box is turned on and it feels like we have a motor in our throat. Touch your throat while you say the sound /b/. Do you feel that vibration? Hear how quickly we pronounce the sound /b/. It's a sound that we need to clip off so we don't say /u/ at the end. Let's practice the clipping sound, /b/. OK. What sound does 'b' spell? /b/

Morgan Walton: Often our students will add /ǔ/ to the end of sounds. When they do that, it actually turns that one sound into two sounds. For example, /c/ becomes /c/ which is /c/ and /ǔ/. If the word is cat, but students decode the word /c/, /a/, /t/ when they blend the sounds together, the word will be /c/, /a/, /ta/, which is not a recognizable word. So, I'm going to show you a simple, easy tip to help remind students to clip those sounds. Whenever you say sounds that students often add the /ǔ/ to, such as /tǔ/, /dǔ/, /lǔ/, and /pǔ/, teach students to use the imaginary scissors to clip the sound. (She makes a scissor clipping motion with two fingers.). /T/, /d/, /l/, /p/. If you practice this with students consistently, it'll become more natural to say those correct sounds without needing the scissor reminder.

Morgan Walton: Two of the consonants in the alphabet are composed of two phonemes. The 'q' makes the /kw/ sound. The 'x' makes the /ks/ sound.

Katina Johnson: Alright, friends, so you know, we have been working with digraphs, right? And we know that digraphs are ...

Students: Two letters that make one sound.

Katina Johnson: Yes. We've been working with digraphs ... two letters that make one sound. So we've had 'ch', what was that sound?

Students: /ch/ ...

Katina Johnson: We've had 'sh', what was that sound?

Students: /sh/ ...

Narrator: The digraph 'th' spells two sounds that are very similar. One is voiced, meaning your voice vibrates as you say it, like in that and in mother. The unvoiced 'th' is used in words like with and math. Watch as reading specialist Katina Johnson teaches her students how to articulate the unvoiced 'th' digraph.

Katina Johnson: Here is our digraph. It is 'th' ... but I want you to pay close attention. When we look at our form of sound card, we look at the digraph itself, that is ...

Students: Two letters that make one sound ...

Katina Johnson: And then we look. We look to see how the sound is made.

Narrator: Ms. Johnson gives her first graders plenty of chances to practice saying their new digraph, guiding them to feel the air from the unvoiced sound. They use mirrors to check that their mouths are in the correct position.

Katina Johnson: Ready? 'th' says ...

Ms. Johnson and students: /th/ ...

Katina Johnson: Perfect. Now you didn't feel it, but you made it. But I want you to feel it this time. Ready? 'th' says ...

Ms. Johnson and students: /th/ ...

Katina Johnson: Did you feel that air?

Students: Yes.

Katina Johnson: Yes, it is unvoiced that's why there's the red light. Now looking in your mirror. This is the sound. This is what you want to see ... 'th' says ... /th/ ... Good. Now look in your mirror this time ... 'th' says ...

Students: /th/ ...

Katina Johnson: Good.

Narrator: When students can confidently articulate the unvoiced digraph 'th' sound, they're well on their way to confidently spelling it and reading it.

Katina Johnson: Last time ...

Students: 'th' says ... /th/ ...

Katina Johnson: 'th' says ... /th/ ... alright, cool beans.

Students: Reading Universe is made possible by generous support from Jim & Donna Barksdale, the Hastings/Quillen Fund, an advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, the AFT, The Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation, and anonymous donors. Special thanks to the Toledo Federation of Teachers, Riverside Elementary School, and Toledo Public Schools in Toledo, Ohio. If you enjoyed this video, please subscribe to our YouTube channel @RUTeaching. Reading Universe is a service of WETA, Washington, D.C., the Barksdale Reading Institute, and First Book.

Katina Johnson: I'm Katina Johnson, and this is Reading Universe.